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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants, the most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD are believed to regulate brain chemicals and increase their levels. They do not treat the disorder, but rather manage symptoms if they are taken regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medications may include changes in blood pressure as well as heart rate, anxiety, and tics. Certain teenagers and children who take stimulant drugs have a slight decrease in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant and is the most widely prescribed medication for ADHD. It is available in many forms, including a chewable tablet, a liquid and a long-acting disintegrating orally disintegrating tablet, and an extended-release pill. The drug boosts the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. medications for adhd in adults Iam Psychiatry can help improve concentration. It may also reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methylphenidate is an effective treatment for ADHD in conjunction with other treatments, including behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters that remove these neurotransmitters normally from the brain. The drug may cause a slight increase in heart rate and blood pressure. It can also cause a rapid change in blood sugar levels, which is why people with diabetes should be cautious when taking this medication. If you encounter any of these side effects, speak with your doctor. Methylphenidate is also known to cause a condition known as Raynaud's phenomena that causes numbness and discomfort in the toes and fingers. This is a rare, but serious side result. It is essential to notify your doctor if these symptoms are observed. Some people are concerned that methylphenidate could slow children's growth. However it hasn't been proven. If you have a child who is receiving treatment with methylphenidate be sure to keep track of the child's weight and height carefully. If your child is on chewable tablets of methylphenidate that contains phenylalanine which is potentially dangerous for children with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Ask your doctor about an alternative methylphenidate formulation if you have PKU. Stimulants are the most popular medication for treating ADHD However, some individuals have issues with them. In these instances doctors might prescribe other medications that function in a similar way. Apart from methylphenidate there are other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine and the lisdexamfetamine. These are more potent than methylphenidate, and they can last longer. They are usually taken two to three times daily however some people may take them more often. Psychological treatments are also available to treat ADHD however they are less likely to prove effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine, also known by the brand name Strattera, is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration and decreases hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It belongs to a class known as selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It works by boosting levels of norepinephrine and dopamine two chemical messengers that regulate brain's activity. It is popular with children and adults who want an alternative to stimulants like Adderall or Vyvanse. It is crucial to understand that atomoxetine isn't a drug that works instantly. It may take up to 6 weeks before the effects of this drug begin to show. Additionally, you could be afflicted by side effects such as drowsiness, decreased appetite, and upset stomach. However the benefits of atomoxetine surpass the risks for many patients. In a double-blind, placebo controlled study that was conducted on 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18 years old, the efficacy of atomoxetine was verified. The participants were randomly assigned to receive atomoxetine, which is a daily dose of 0.6 mg per kilogram or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine as well as placebo groups depression symptoms were less. The treatment group with atomoxetine showed better improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to the placebo group. However, the improvement was modest (Michelson et al 2001). In a different open trial, 10 patients suffering from ADHD who were unable to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine over 8 weeks. The group treated with atomoxetine showed improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to placebo group with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version and Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale increasing significantly. One patient was unable to continue treatment due to a eruption. In addition, three patients experienced gastrointestinal issues that were transient and one patient reported fatigue that was more severe (Kratochvil et al 2005). Before beginning treatment with atomoxetine, talk to your doctor about your health history and any other medications or supplements that you're taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as over the counter medicines. Tell your doctor if any of the following conditions occur such as narrow-angle glaucoma, a thyroid or adrenal gland tumor or a high blood pressure heart disease or a history sudden death. Avoid atomoxetine as well when you've been taking an MAO-inhibitor such as isocarboxazid and linezolid in the past 14 days, or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion is a non-stimulant drug that can improve the symptoms of ADHD. It also helps reduce the impulsivity of children and improve focus. However, it does not affect the brain the similar way that stimulants do. It's available by prescription only. Your doctor will decide the best dose for you. Bupropion is available in tablets and extended-release capsules. It is important to follow the prescriptions. If you stop taking it suddenly, you may have withdrawal symptoms. It's usually taken twice or three times daily with a 4-6 hour interval between each dose. The dosage can range between 100 mg twice or three times daily to 150 mg three or four times a day. The drug is absorbed into the digestive tract and eliminated into urine, meaning it can't enter breast milk. However, it could enter the bloodstream and impact other organs. Bupropion can increase your blood pressure, which is why it's important to monitor it frequently. In addition to improving the symptoms of ADHD In addition, bupropion may reduce depression. It can also treat bipolar disorder. It works by blocking the dopamine receptors that are located in your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine, from reaching your brain. This helps to stabilize your mood. Bupropion may interact with other medications It's therefore important to inform your doctor of any other medications you're taking. It's also important to know whether you are allergic to. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants because they can cause side effects to become worse. In several studies in a variety of studies, bupropion was compared with placebos for adults suffering from ADHD. These studies produced mixed results and were poorly conducted. Many of these studies did not include people with psychiatric disorders co-morbidity. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion may have a small impact on ADHD. Further research is needed to determine the positive effects for patients, including the improvement in their quality of life. Before effective treatments can be developed, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the molecular types of ADHD. This is a greater understanding of the relationship between different molecular pathways. Furthermore, it's essential to know how various anti-ADHD agents work in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants When the stimulants prescribed for children with ADHD don't work or cause undesirable side effects, doctors may turn to antidepressants as a treatment. These medications, such as imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), work by increasing the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain to help people focus. These are older medications that may have a number of adverse reactions, and are usually only used when other drugs have failed. The first choice of antidepressant for depression is typically a selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) like fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, or escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still being used in some cases despite their long-standing history. These medications are also effective in reducing neuropathic pain. They also have an additional pain-relieving effect that is distinct from their antidepressant effect. They enhance noradrenephrine through inhibiting its reuptake and also act as descending modulators of pain pathways within the spinal cord. SSRIs are less toxic and have fewer side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also less harmful during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic for humans or animals. If abruptly stopped, they may cause significant withdrawal symptoms. Your doctor may recommend slowly lowering the dose over several weeks to reduce the effects. Although it isn't officially recognized by the FDA as a medication for adhd Bupropion is a widely prescribed antidepressant off-label to treat ADHD. It is believed to increase neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which enhances concentration. It also helps alleviate anxiety and stress. It can be used in conjunction with stimulants to produce more rapid and lasting results. While there aren't any FDA-approved nonstimulant medications for ADHD Many people find relief with the use of nutritional supplements and herbs. A diet that is low in fat and sugar can aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Some people may also benefit by abstaining from caffeine. Inform your doctor about all medications that you or your child take as well as herbal remedies and over-the-counter medicines. This will help prevent interactions and reduce the risk of unwanted side effects. ADHD medication can affect each person differently, and it's often a process of trial and error to find the right dosage and drug for your child or yourself.